The loss of the frog prince

Frogs. They’re familiar and otherworldly, slimy and charming, the kind of odd liminal animal that spurs the imagination. Their voices range from the brute croak of the bullfrog to the fairy-sweet, bell-like chorus of the spring peeper. Our complex relationship with frogs shows up even in our childhood in the deeper meanings of the well-known fairy tale, The Frog Prince – ranging from a moral injunction on the rewards for living up to one’s promises, to a symbol of a young princess’ maturation from childhood to adulthood in the transformation of frog to prince on her pillow.

So the plight of frogs worldwide touches a special and symbolic chord. A deadly fungus, the amphibian chytrid, has led to as many as 30% of all frog species worldwide being threatened with extinction since it first appeared in 1993 – and hundreds are already extinct. What would our world, from the literary to the literal, be without frogs?

No one understands how to slow chytrid’s spread. But a study today in the journal PLOS ONE suggests we may have been studying the fungus too narrowly. Biologist Kevin Smith and his colleagues at the University of Washington St. Louis found that of all Missouri ponds expected to harbor the fungus, only a third actually had chytrid present. Frogs in the remaining ponds were healthy and chytrid free – even when the ponds had the right chemistry and water temperature for the fungus.

“Focusing only on amphibians to understand chytrid is like focusing only on people to understand Lyme disease,” says Smith. Just as deer, and in turn deer ticks, carry Lyme, other organisms besides frogs may serve as hosts for the chytrid. Without the presence of these animals or plants, Smith theorizes, the chytrid wouldn’t be able to survive long, and wouldn’t therefore infect nearby frogs. The study is a start in trying to take a wider, ecosystem-level view of the chytrid and its requirements for growth.

But it won’t, of course, allow us turn around and save the frogs. Biologists and frog enthusiasts are so worried that they’ve begun keeping frog exemplars in captivity – using networks of zoos and other institutions, such as the Amphibian Ark, to harbor rare living frogs until the chytrid can be more effectively battled.

The last known Rabbs fringe-limbed treefrog, for instance – collected early on in the chytrid epidemic along with others that have since died of natural causes – lives at the Atlanta Botanical Garden in a special enclosure. His handlers have nicknamed him Toughie, and say they try to touch him as little as possible. “It’s pretty nerve-wracking taking care of him,” says the Garden’s Mark Mandica.

I’ll take a new, healthy generation of Toughie tadpoles over a prince, honestly. What do I have to kiss, tell me, to achieve that miracle?

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This post is the first in a series of science tidbits, short cogitations on recent science findings that interest me and on why they do.

Ferrying

The Pacific Northwest seems to recur in my life.  This summer, for instance, I spent a week in southeast Alaska for a field project on Prince of Wales Island.  I’ve been asked to repost this blog entry from 2004, which recalls the first time I set foot in the region, and the impression its vastnesses made on me.

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Vancouver. We drove up the coast, flanked by mountains. Arriving at the first ferry, we waited in a long line of parked cars, and Paul and I ran down to the park to throw a frisbee back and forth and, a few minutes later, to stare down from the dock into the dark water, where fish and jellyfish swam just under the surface. We ran from the park to a corner shop to buy me a journal, harried because we knew the ferry would arrive any moment, and picked through the available options until we found a beautiful little black one, spiral-bound, its cover shiny, just the right size. Then we heard the ferry toot its resounding note over the water, and tore back along the streets to the ferry station, where my mother had already come partway down to look for us.

The ferry rides, every one during our four days of driving, took us past spectacular scenery. On either side, snow-capped mountains reared above the green hills that sloped down to the sea. To our right, sailing north, the mountains of the continent; to the left, and further away, the mountains of Vancouver Island. We wove around the green islands rising from the sea, and trained binoculars on the birds that even a casual eye couldn’t help but notice everywhere. Sometimes we’d see seals, their round heads lifting from the water to gaze our way; they’d disappear in a sinuous, shining curve in the sunlight. Rain is common in the area around Vancouver, but soon after we left Whistler (where we’d spent the first part of our trip), the clouds cleared and we spent days in the sunlight.

One ferry trip I remember particularly, and did not have time to write about in the nature journal where I kept notes all trip. We spent our last two days in and around Victoria, at the southernmost tip of Vancouver Island, and in the evening of our final day boarded the ferry to the mainland. We’d traveled around the western side of the island that day, near Sooke, exploring tidepools and a long barrier island-like spit, and Paul and I had rented bicycles and gone on a ride through the cedar woodlands. We’d planned to catch the nine o’clock ferry, but through a mixture of luck and my parents’ worrying that we’d miss the ferry altogether, we arrived in Victoria just in the nick of time for the 7:00 ferry. It turned out to be wonderful that we had. As we departed, the sun sank slowly toward the mountains behind us, and around us the low green hills rose from the water. A diaphanous haze filled the air; all turned pink and gold, and the sun crept among the clouds. High snowcapped peaks stood proudly on the island, remote and inaccessible. My father and Paul and I stood gaping at the forward edge of the boat; my mother, frightened off by the cold sea wind, flitted back and forth from inside to our side. Valinor, I thought.

As the boat maneuvered patiently through the water, the light failed, and my binoculars became increasingly insufficient to identify the tiny black birds that rested on the water. They looked so solitary down there: one tiny pelagic bird at a time, or sometimes a small raft of six or seven, sometimes littler even than the crests of the waves. It grew colder, and we swung slowly past the last of the green islands, leaving the protected passageways between them. On the open sea between Vancouver Island and the mainland, we could see sheets of rain falling far off over the water. Vancouver glittered faintly on the continent ahead. The few people that had lingered on the deck went inside, leaving me sitting on a big tacklebox, my back against the wall and knees drawn up, huddled into my jacket. I didn’t want to lose even a moment of that air, that solitary, salty, independent air, the sea blowing it mercilessly into my face, the water and sky one great single grayness.

What’s in a Name

I have an unusual name, and most people can’t pronounce it. So much so, in fact, that I usually tell baristas at cafes and sandwich shops to write down “Nyla” so I don’t get called up as Neila or Nayla. Sometimes people say Nalia, or – inexplicably – Naomi or Nadia.

That may explain my particular delight when I hear nice things about my name. A Lebanese friend of mine once told me the name is quite common in Lebanon. “Do you know what it means?” he asked.

“No,” said I.

“One who gets what she wants,” he said. I started laughing. “But in a good way!” he added hastily, and began laughing too.

Then, the other day, I found this in the ever-fascinating Urban Dictionary.

Naila
A crazy yet wild and lovable woman who will threaten you one moment then smile and laugh with you the next.

I can handle that definition! And, part 2:

Naila
A Biblical character who fought Roman soldiers from taking her husband. The name means pertaining to success. Naila is Middle Eastern in origin and refers to a dark, long-haired beauty who is quite charismatic and yet mysterious, an individual who is endowed with an independent spirit offset by stubbornness, grace under pressure, and the Nietzschean will to power. Nailas of the world go on to conquer whatever goals they set for themselves and infrequently take no for an answer. Nailas are self-sacrificing, brave, intelligent, noble, and beautiful. Regardless of hardships and suffering, Naila will remain steadfast and strong, loving and considerate, a believer in the goodness of humankind.

I’ll take that, too. And I’ll let you check the Urban Dictionary yourself for other, slightly less favorable definitions for Naila – like the one that starts “a strange, cross eyed smelly creature…” Ahem.

I don’t have Middle Eastern heritage, but in my parents’ native Brazil, there’s a large Lebanese population, from which they borrowed my name. My mother always said she named me after a Persian princess – and indeed, a headstrong Calipha bore my name. I love strong women and I’ll share her name any day:

Naila (Calipha)

I even have my own German town. According to Wikipedia’s entry: “The name Naila first appeared as ‘Neulins’ (and variations thereof), and has its origins most likely in the meaning ‘Small new settlement’.”

Hmm.

The Sound of Trees

by Robert Frost

I wonder about the trees.
Why do we wish to bear
Forever the noise of these
More than another noise
So close to our dwelling place?
We suffer them by the day
Till we lose all measure of pace,
And fixity in our joys,
And acquire a listening air.
They are that that talks of going
But never gets away;
And that talks no less for knowing,
As it grows wiser and older,
That now it means to stay.
My feet tug at the floor
And my head sways to my shoulder
Sometimes when I watch trees sway,
From the window or the door.
I shall set forth for somewhere,
I shall make the reckless choice
Some day when they are in voice
And tossing so as to scare
The white clouds over them on.
I shall have less to say,
But I shall be gone.

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This poem is excerpted on my home page and ranks among my all-time favorites.  It expresses a yearning for escape, adventure, freedom and solitude –  in conflict with a deep love of the long-familiar.  Both feelings, and the tension between them, can I think fuel creative effort.